We are an eBay affiliate and may be compensated for clicks on links that result in purchases.

Mantle, Williams and DiMaggio: Authenticating Baseball Forger Favorites

It is unquestionable that Mickey Mantle, Ted Williams, and Joe DiMaggio have been American sports icons since the mid-20th century. It comes as no surprise that these three have been favorites of autograph collectors since the advent of autograph and card shows in the 1980’s. Unfortunately it is equally unsurprising, as attested to in the FBI’s famous 1990s Operation Bullpen, that they are also the three most forged sports autographs. Although most experts believe the forgery problem in sports memorabilia has lessoned tremendously since Operation Bullpen (estimated at that time to be “between $500,000,000 and $900,000,000” by the FBI), sadly large numbers of forged material still exist.

While it would require far more than a single article to educate the autograph collector to detect Mantle, Williams and DiMaggio forgeries, there are some general as well as specific warning keys to these three autographs that may aid in detecting possible forgeries.

Genuine Mantle, Williams & DiMaggio signed photo provided by EAC Gallery.
Click to enlarge:

As a general rule, one of the first things I examine in an autograph is its feel – how it was written. When an individual signs his name there should be an easy, smooth flow to the signature. We’ve all signed our names countless times, and we don’t need to think about it. An item we offered in one of our past auctions was a sheet of paper signed several times by Joe Jackson. Jackson, who was almost completely illiterate, actually had to practice, in essence work at, writing his name prior to signing documents. Likewise, when a forger writes a signature, he or she is working at it and therefore upon close examination it’s often possible to detect such warning keys as a slowness of motion, stops and starts at inappropriate spots, and possibly even a shakiness in the writing. An invaluable aid to help detect these keys, taught to me by John Reznikoff of University Archives many years ago, is to turn the autograph upside down. When you view an autograph in an unnatural position these warning keys are often easier to detect.

In addition to such general warning keys there are specific warning keys, unique to an individual’s autograph, to keep an eye out for.

In the 1980’s and 1990’s Mickey Mantle stated on numerous occasions that he was blessed to be able to earn more money signing his name at one single weekend show than his father had earned in an entire year working as a coal miner. Because of this Mantle always felt his fans were deserving of a clear, elegant signature. In authentic Mickey Mantle autographs Mickey would always end the “y” in “Mickey” on an upswing, and because he would be quickly flowing through his signature, he therefore started the “M” in “Mantle” on a higher level or plane than he had started the “M” in “Mickey”. Most forgers, because they were “working” on writing Mantle’s signature, would pause after completing “Mickey” and begin anew in writing “Mantle”, therefore placing “Mantle” on more of a straight line with “Mickey”. If one places a ruler or sheet of paper straight across the item Mantle signed (not straight across the signature) all that appears below the ruler or paper of an authentic Mantle is the bottom portion of the “M” in “Mickey”. In the case of most forgeries the ruler or paper completely covers the entire signature. Another difficulty forgers have with Mantle’s signature was his unique way of looping the bottom portion of his “M”. Such curved lines were executed in one easy movement by Mantle, but are most often elongated by forgers who again are “working” the signature. Such slow, elongated forgeries are especially easy to recognize on baseballs as their curved surfaces only add to the forger’s difficulty.

In the case of Ted Williams autographs, with the exception of the capital “W” in Williams, Ted would consistently make the size of all the letters in his last time nearly the same exact size. Most telling is the “illia”, with the “l”s just ever so slightly taller than the “i”s, and the “a” as tall as the “l”s. Try as they may, most forgers simply can’t undo years of training and habit causing their “l”s to be significantly taller than their “i”s, and their “a” significantly shorter than their “l”s. Williams also connected the “W” in “Williams” to the “ed” in “Ted” with a swirl that gave forgers difficulty in replicating in the same, easy, flowing movement as appears in authentic examples. Also of interest, in addition to the many Williams intentional forgeries in existence, Williams revealed late in his life that during his playing days his signature on team signed balls was often a “clubhouse” example, not penned by him.

Regarding Joe DiMaggio’s autograph, problems for forgers begin with the first letter in Joe. Like the “M”s in Mantle’s autograph, the “J” in “Joe”, which appears as two loops, a larger loop on top and a smaller one below, were created by curved lines which are the hardest to duplicate without leaving telltale signs of slowness or inappropriate stops and starts. In addition, DiMaggio would pen his “J”s so that the lower loop would be written on top of (literally written over) the upper loop in two places. For some inexplicable reason, a significant percentage of DiMaggio forgeries flow in the opposite direction, with the upper loop covering the lower one. An inexpensive magnifier or jeweler’s loop will aid in viewing this detail. Finally, the general feel of an authentic DiMaggio autograph is often somewhat sloppy, in the sense that the spacing between letters is uneven, obviously much more so in his second name. Again due to the fact that forgers are working rather than simply signing, the spacing they place between each letter is far more uniform.

Finally, the age-old adage “experience is the best teacher” is indeed appropriate here. The building of as extensive a library of exemplars as possible, of both authentic and fake examples, would be of help to visualize these and additional warning keys, and tremendously assist in the detection of forgeries.

Tags: authenticate, baseball, dimaggio, fame, forgeries, forgers, genuine, hall, hof, joe, More…mantle, mickey, of, ted, williams

9 members like this

▶ Reply to This

Replies to This Discussion

Permalink Reply by CEE GEE on July 21, 2011 at 7:00am

These 2 images are from the operation bullpen web page...they look very much like the ones on that photo of the Dimaggio,Mantle,Williams...is it safe to say that that was a piece from the so called flip flop mafia or another part of the books ring ? both photos have quotes from Marino about the autos...I know there fakes but I would hate to give the wrong info if they were not penned by Marino...here are the quotes...

Learning Mantle

"I had to do it without a kink. You look at how you sign your name and there's a flow to it. There's no stoppage. It's fluid. Everything I did had to have a flow to it, same as Mantle. It had to be fast like he was signing it himself. The angles had to be right. It had to be perfect, and it had to be fast." --Greg Marino, on learning to forge Mantle

Learning the J

"Some people said you could never do DiMaggio," recalled Marino. "His signature was too perfect, always consistent. The big thing on Joe's name was learning the J. That was the most important. He was very consistent in the way he signed his J. Both the J and the D had to be consistent, and the D had to be at a certain angle. It was easy to mess up the D."

let me know guys....thanks...CEE GEE

▶ Reply

Permalink Reply by Steve Zarelli on July 21, 2011 at 7:25am

Yes, I saw that Mantle on the Bullpen page a while back. It does not look like most other forges that are associated with Marino. It's a bad fake and not even close. (I agree it is from the same hand that did the fake DiMaggio, Mantle, Williams above.)

Perhaps it is an earlier version from Marino before he got better? I have no idea.

▶ Reply

Permalink Reply by CEE GEE on July 21, 2011 at 7:45am

I think from now on I will just add what i see and or post as "just forgeries"...i would hate to give the wrong information when in fact i am trying to help give correct information about the flooded market of forgeries...Iam sure if you and Mr.Williams say its not Marinos then I feel confident with your answers...thanks for the info....I got plenty of junk to post in the days to come...

▶ Reply

Permalink Reply by CJCollector on July 21, 2011 at 7:54am

Cee Gee, you might be right. I read the "Operation Bullpen" book three times. I just checked the "Operation Bullpen" webpage and those forgeries are shown there. They must be early Marino forgeries.

Good catch, Cee Gee.

▶ Reply

Permalink Reply by CJCollector on July 21, 2011 at 6:12pm

This on Ebay now.

http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=120752891940...

Typical "B&J Collectibles" forgery from the "Operation Bullpen" era.

▶ Reply

Permalink Reply by CEE GEE on July 22, 2011 at 4:26am

JUNK....JUNK...JUNK !!!!!!!!

▶ Reply

Permalink Reply by Steve Zarelli on July 22, 2011 at 6:24am

Painful to see. B&J hooked me for a few fakes including my no-hit king ball (Koufax, Ryan and Feller). They seemed very legit at the time... they were at all the NY area shows with a big professional looking booth and staff. They frequently sponsored signings. They fooled at lot of people.

That guarantee isn't worth the paper it's written on these days. The owners have probably moved on to some other collectibles area to swindle people.